Original article ‘Pomegranate Juice Helps Keep PSA Levels Stable In Men With Prostate Cancer‘

Science Daily — Drinking an eight ounce glass of pomegranate juice daily increased by nearly four times the period during which PSA levels in men treated for prostate cancer remained stable, a three-year UCLA study has found.

The study involved 50 men who had undergone surgery or radiation but quickly experienced increases in prostate-specific antigen or PSA, a biomarker that indicates the presence of cancer. UCLA researchers measured “doubling time,” how long it takes for PSA levels to double, a signal that the cancer is progressing, said Dr. Allan Pantuck, an associate professor of urology, a Jonsson Cancer Center researcher and lead author of the study.

Doubling time is crucial in prostate cancer, Pantuck said, because patients who have short doubling times are more likely to die from their cancer. The average doubling time is about 15 months. In the UCLA study, Pantuck and his team observed increases in doubling times from 15 months to 54 months, an almost four-fold increase.

“That’s a big increase. I was surprised when I saw such an improvement in PSA numbers,” Pantuck said. “In older men 65 to 70 who have been treated for prostate cancer, we can give them pomegranate juice and it may be possible for them to outlive their risk of dying from their cancer. We’re hoping we may be able to prevent or delay the need for other therapies usually used in this population such as hormone treatment or chemotherapy, both of which bring with them harmful side effects.”

The study appears in the July 1 issue of Clinical Cancer Research, the peer-reviewed journal of the American Association of Cancer Research.

“This is not a cure, but we may be able to change the way prostate cancer grows,” Pantuck said. “We don’t know yet the specific factors behind this response - that’s our next step in this research. We want to find out what cell signaling pathways might be affected, what is happening to keep PSA levels stable.”

Pomegranate juice is known to have anti-inflammatory effects and high levels of anti-oxidants, which are believed to protect the body from free-radical damage. It also contains poly-phenols, natural antioxidant compounds found in green tea, as well as isoflavones commonly found in soy, and ellagic acid, which is believed to play a role in cancer cell death.

“There are many substances in pomegranate juice that may be prompting this response,” Pantuck said. “We don’t know if it’s one magic bullet or the combination of everything we know is in this juice. My guess is that it’s probably a combination of elements, rather than a single component.”

The levels of PSA in men immediately following treatement should be undetectable, Pantuck said. If PSA can be detected, it’s an indication of an aggressive cancer that is likely to progress. The men in Pantuck’s study all had detectable PSA following treatment. Of the 50 men enrolled, more than 80 percent experienced improvement in doubling times.

Conventional treatment for men with recurrent prostate cancer includes hormonal therapy, a chemical castration which removes testosterone from the system. Men treated with hormonal therapy can experience hot flashes, osteoporosis, fatigue, depression, muscle wasting, loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. If drinking pomegranate juice can delay or prevent the need for hormonal therapy, patients would experience a better quality of life for a longer time, Pantuck said.

The patients in Pantuck’s study experienced no side effects and none of the participants had cancers that metastasized during the study.

Pantuck, along with UCLA colleagues including Dr. Arie Belldegrun, professor and chief of urologic oncology, and Dr. David Heber, professor and director of the Center for Human Nutrition, first began research on pomegranate juice in prostate cancer about six years ago, conducting preclinical research in cell cultures and in animals. Those studies showed pomegranate juice slowed the growth of prostate cancer, Pantuck said.

The data was impressive enough to test pomegranate juice in clinical trials, Pantuck said. To confirm their findings, a larger Phase III study, headed up by UCLA, will be conducted at ten centers across the county. UCLA is the only Southern California center involved in the study. For more information on the Phase III trial, call (310) 825-5538.

Pantuck said he has men on the study more than three years out who are not being treated for prostate cancer other than drinking pomegranate juice and their PSA levels continue to be suppressed.

“The juice seems to be working,” he said.

The study, performed at the Clark Urology Center, was funded by the Stewart and Lynda Resnick Trust. The Resnicks own POM Wonderful, which provided the juice from the Wonderful variety of pomegranate for the study.

Note: This story has been adapted from material provided by University of California - Los Angeles.

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Originaly from: Marketing Equals Success for Many New Drugs page

July 18, 2001 — When Americans visit their doctors they are likely to walk away with at least one prescription, and often that prescription is for a new, high-priced, well-advertised drug, according to a new report from the CDC.

In 1999, the most recent year for which data are available, doctors wrote 1.1 billion prescriptions, says Donald Cherry, MS, a CDC survey statistician and author of the new report. And going back to 1985, the survey shows the average number of prescriptions per doctor’s visit has increased by a third.

When the CDC looked at just 104 new drugs that were approved by the FDA from 1997 to 1999, it found that 42.4 million prescriptions were written for new drugs, with drugs for arthritis, depression, asthma, and erectile dysfunction topping the list of most frequently prescribed new drugs.

For example, the most popular new drug is Celebrex, an arthritis drug that is heavily marketed in both television and print ads.

Cherry tells WebMD that “our data don’t really speak directly [to advertising]. … I just know that these [drugs] that are heavily marketed do come out on top.” He says that it seems “marketing does increase awareness of new drugs on the part of the patients and the doctors.”

That “awareness” is so increased that patients often come to doctors with the specific purpose of requesting new drugs says Michael Wilkes, MD, a professor of medicine at UCLA. “About three times a day a patient comes with an ad in his pocket or her purse,” says Wilkes who has authored several studies that are critical of new drug advertising.

Jeff Trewhitt, a spokesman for the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, a drug industry trade group, tells WebMD that doctors are writing more prescriptions because “we have more medicines and better medicines.” Disagreeing with critics of direct-to-consumer advertising, Trewhitt says the ads help empower patients to make more informed health decisions.

In the CDC report the most frequently prescribed drug was the allergy drug Claritin while the most frequently prescribed new drug was Celebrex. After Celebrex the top 11 new drugs were: Raxar, a powerful antibiotic, Celexa, an antidepressant, Viagra, for treating erectile dysfunction, Vioxx, an arthritis drug, Singulair, an asthma drug, Rezulin, a diabetes drug, which was withdrawn from the market, Avapro, a blood pressure drug, Detrol, for urinary control, Plavix, a blood thinner, and Flomax, a blood pressure drug used to symptoms of enlarged prostate.

Wilkes says the new report is especially timely in that Congress is making noises about considering adding a prescription drug benefit to Medicare. “When you talk about a drug benefit, you have to talk about effective vs. ineffective drugs,” says Wilkes.

In general Wilkes is unconvinced about the value of most new drugs because he says that although the FDA approves dozens of new drugs each year, only “four to eight drugs truly offer a therapeutic advantage.” The rest, he says, are ‘me-too’ drugs that ape the actions of already approved drugs but can be offered a much higher price because they are new. It is these drugs, Wilkes says, that are among the most heavily marketed.

The notion that the pharmaceutical industry is mainly devoted to producing so-called ‘me-too’ drugs is wrong, says Trewhitt. For example, he says that a third of drugs currently under development are “new biotechnology agents.”

The other two-thirds of drugs in the pipeline “still involve conventional chemical compounds but calling them ‘me-too’ drugs is inaccurate,” says Trewhitt. Over time, drug companies learn more about existing drugs, and each new drug in an existing class “involves some improvement.” He points out that medicine involves “incremental knowledge and with the introduction of each new drug in a class more is learned about fighting disease.”

Cherry says that the CDC survey, called the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, is based on a representative sample of patient records from more than 1,700 physician practices. He says that there were more than 750 million doctor visits in 1999, which works out to about 279 visits per 100 Americans.

As might be expected, older Americans visit doctors more often than younger people, and on average those 65 and older saw their doctors about six times during the year, which is an increase of 20% from the 1985 rate for visits by elderly patients.

Moreover, says Cherry, the elderly were more likely to leave the visit with multiple prescriptions, and they were six times more likely to have a prescription for a newly approved drug than were younger patients.

Wilkes explains this phenomenon this way: “Nothing is a more powerful incentive to a physician than a patient who comes in asking for a prescription.” If a physician refuses the request, “the patient thinks the doctor is being cheap, and he or she goes to find another doctor.”

He says, “This is a very difficult situation, trying to just say no to a silly drug. The doctor can spend the time, maybe 10 minutes or so, re-educating the patient about the drug or the doctor can spend 30 seconds writing a [prescription] for the drug and then moving on to the next patient.”

Wilkes says that based on the CDC report, it appears that many doctors are opting for the 30-second solution. (más…)

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DEAR ABBY: I am a 40-year-old male who has been divorced for the last five years. I am considering trying marriage again, but am somewhat concerned about the impotence problem I have had for some time.

I have consulted many doctors and have taken many tests, but they all came out OK — so I decided to try Viagra. It has been working great.

Should I be upfront about my medical condition if and when I propose marriage, or should I wait until after we’re married? It is extremely embarrassing to talk about this to anyone, let alone a woman who might become my wife. — UNCERTAIN IN WESTMINSTER, CALIF.

DEAR UNCERTAIN: You should absolutely disclose any medical condition that could affect your marriage before you are married. Not to do so could be considered fraud. If the woman loves you, she will accept you just as you are.

However, when the time comes, it might be beneficial for you and your prospective fiancee to pay a visit to your physician together. It’s possible that your impotence may have been linked to the fact that your marriage didn’t work, and has nothing to do with your ability to perform without the little blue pills.

---

DEAR ABBY: I recently lost my fiance to leukemia. He was only 27. I have noticed that the first words of comfort offered to me by people are, “You’re young and pretty. You’ll find someone again.” Abby, my fiance has been gone only four months. Several people said that to me at his funeral and wake!

I understand the thought behind those words — that my life will not end because his did. But it was extremely inappropriate to hear something like that so soon after his death. I know I will eventually feel like dating again, but right now his loss is still too recent and painful.

How should I respond to people who say that? Please help me get the word out that this is no comfort so soon after someone’s partner passes away. — STILL MOURNING IN SAN FRANCISCO

DEAR STILL MOURNING: Please accept my deepest sympathy for your loss. Your sentiments have been repeated by others who have also suffered a loss.

For some reason, when there is a death, people feel they must say something to “fix” it — as if anything that could be said would make the pain go away.

Folks: The appropriate way to extend condolences is the simplest. Just repeat the first sentence of my answer. Period! That’s all! And do not ask questions about the cause of death. And when someone offers you condolences — a simple thank you is enough. Then, unless you wish to talk about it, change the subject.

---

DEAR ABBY: My husband and I were invited to a friend’s home for dinner. We brought a lovely plant as a thank-you gift. When we arrived at her house, she said she had forgotten she had invited us for that night. We talked in her driveway for a few minutes, and I handed her the plant as we left. My question is, what was the correct thing to do? Should we have let her have the plant or taken it back home with us? — PERPLEXED IN MCCLEARY, WASH.

DEAR PERPLEXED: You didn’t mention how old this friend is, but she appears to be disorganized, overscheduled or suffering from mind-cognitive impairment. Although there are no rules of etiquette that dictated it, you were nice to leave the plant with her. Perhaps it will serve as a reminder to reschedule the dinner.

---

Dear Abby is written by Abigail Van Buren, also known as Jeanne Phillips, and was founded by her mother, Pauline Phillips. Write Dear Abby at www.DearAbby.com or P.O. Box 69440, Los Angeles, CA 90069.

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To order “How to Write Letters for All Occasions,” send a business-sized, self-addressed envelope, plus check or money order for $6 (U.S. funds) to: Dear Abby — Letter Booklet, P.O. Box 447, Mount Morris, IL 61054-0447. (Postage is included in the price.) (más…)

Argentina came within a whisker of a hat-trick of famous wins in their busy World Cup build-up.

After back-to-back victories over France, only the boot of South Africa’s Louis Koen denied them a third victory.

Those three matches were the start of a successful season during which the defeat to the Springboks was the only reverse the Pumas suffered.

Argentina’s defence was rock solid in the opening game of the two-Test series against the French.

The only points conceded in the 10-6 win came from the boot of Yann Delaigue and Damien Traille.

And, despite the absence of influential scrum-half Agustin Pichot, the Pumas immediately put France under pressure, wing Jose Maria Nunez Piossek scoring after just two minutes.

In France’s defence, they fielded an effectively second-string pack and struggled throughout the game with a series of handling errors.

FORM IN 2003 14 Jun: Arg 10-6 France 20 Jun: Arg 33-32 France 28 Jun: S Africa 26-25 Arg 18 Aug: Arg 49-30 Fiji 23 Aug: Arg 42-8 USA 27 Aug: Arg 57-0 Uruguay 30 Aug: Arg 62-22 Canada

A week on, two new-look line-ups enjoyed an even more thrilling contest as France were edged out 33-32 with a Gonzalo Quesada drop-goal in the dying seconds.

Quesada was the star of the night, ending the game with 20 points as the Pumas held on to claim a dramatic win despite a French fightback.

In a third nail-biter in as many weeks, Argentina failed to pull off a repeat win and were instead on the receiving end in Port Elizabeth as South Africa won by a single point.

Argentina led the try count by three to two and touchdowns from Felipe Contepomi and Piossek gave the visitors a 15-13 lead.

A Juan Martin Hernandez try moved the Pumas 25-16 clear but Koen, who ended the night with a 100% kicking record and a tally of 16 points, had the final say.

SPANISH RUGBY TERMINOLOGY Try: Ensayo Penalty: Penalti Tackle: Placaje Come on ref: Venga arbitro Cauliflower ears: Orejas de coliflor

The standard of Argentina’s opponents may have lessened since June, but the standard of their rugby has remained just as high.

Although they struggled against the flair of Fiji’s backs, and Rupeni Caucaunibuca in particular, their forwards saw them comfortably home, with Gloucester prop Rodrigo Roncero scoring two tries in a 49-30 win.

And the Pumas continued to rack up the points in the Pan-American Championships with overwhelming victories against the USA, Uruguay and Canada.

After a close-fought first half, Argentina’s forward power again proved the difference in their opening match against the Eagles.

Having led 18-3 at the break, they finished 42-8 winners with six tries on the scoresheet.

They were even more unforgiving four days later as they rattled up nine tries against Uruguay in a 57-0 win.

And they completed their show of domination with another nine-try rout against Canada in a 62-22 victory.

Read source of it on the http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/rugby_world_cup/team_pages/argentina/2991641.stm site
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Source: News - Gene therapy ‘hope’ on impotence
US scientists say they are closer to creating a gene therapy treatment for erectile dysfunction.

Human and animal trials suggest this could offer an alternative to current treatments for some patients, the American Society of Gene Therapy heard.

Researchers say gene therapy could be effective far longer than pills used just before sex, improving spontaneity.

The human trials involved injections into the penis and some experts queried whether men would choose this option.

New approach

Erectile dysfunction (ED), often referred to as impotence, is thought to affect about one in every 10 men in the UK.

ED collectively means an inability to get a good enough erection to achieve satisfactory intercourse, but it varies in severity.

There are many causes, and many effective treatments, including drugs like the three licensed in the UK - Viagra, Cialis and Levitra.

But not all types of ED respond well to medication - for example, ED caused by nerve damage following prostate cancer surgery.

US researchers are hopeful that for these patients, and those who experience side-effects with medication, gene therapy may be a good alternative.

Nerve damage

A University of Pittsburgh team, led by Dr Joseph Glorioso, tested an experimental gene therapy in rats with ED caused by nerve damage.

The gene therapy used comprised the herpes simplex virus as a carrier and either a gene called GDNF, or one called neurturin, which both help promote nerve growth.

Rats treated with the gene therapy showed significant recovery and were able to regain normal penile function after four weeks.

This is an exciting field of research because current treatments for men with erectile dysfunction must be used ‘on demand’, thereby reducing the spontaneity of the sexual act Researcher Dr Arnold Melman

Meanwhile, scientists at Wake Forest University, with the help of Dr Arnold Melman from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, have been conducting the first human study of gene therapy for ED.

Tests on 11 men with ED showed promising results. The treatment was well-tolerated, with few side effects, despite its delivery via an injection into the penis.

Although the primary goal of the study was to determine its safety, it also showed the therapy improved erectile function in some of the men.

Dr Melman said: “This is an exciting field of research because current treatments for men with erectile dysfunction, whether pills or minimally invasive therapies, must be used ‘on demand’, thereby reducing the spontaneity of the sexual act.”

‘Chronic disease’

The Wake Forest therapy works by inserting small pieces of DNA into cells to trigger the production of proteins which, in turn, help smooth muscle cells relax.

Relaxing the smooth muscle in the penis allows it to fill with blood and achieve an erection.

Dr Geoff Hackett, president of the British Society for Sexual Medicine, said the gene therapy might be appealing to some men for whom other treatments had failed, but predicted many men would be reluctant to have a shot in the penis.

He stressed that many men with ED also had underlying medical disease, such as high blood pressure, raised cholesterol or diabetes, and that this should also be treated.

And there is a good argument for treating ED as a chronic disease too, he said.

“Maybe men with ED should be taking a pill for it every day. If you take smaller amounts regularly, the side-effects are less,” he explained.

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WASHINGTON (AP) - A large study from Europe suggests it doesn’t hurt to wait a few years between prostate cancer screenings - but the research won’t end debate over the value of PSA tests.

Millions of men in North America have their blood tested every year for PSA, or prostate-specific antigen, although routine screenings are controversial.

High PSA levels can mean cancer or just an enlarged prostate; only a biopsy can tell. Moreover, prostate cancer usually is slow-growing and there’s little way to predict which early-stage tumours will threaten life. Since treatment can cause incontinence or impotence, PSA testing may do more harm than good for some men.
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Do you know the basics about erectile dysfunction? Take this quick quiz and
see.

Are the following statements true or false?

1. Most men never experience ED.

True or False

2. It is advisable to seek treatment for recurring ED.

True or False

3. Erectile dysfunction is simply a problem of “mind over matter.”

True or False

4. Nervous system dysfunction is the sole cause of a man’s inability to achieve an erection.

True or False

5. Kidney disease and ED may be related.

True or False

6. A substantial percentage of men with diabetes experience ED.

True or False

7. Prescription drugs are never responsible for ED.

True or False

8. Vascular diseases account for the majority of physically-related causes of ED.

True or False

9. Surgery to remove prostate cancer can lead to ED.

True or False

10. ED is not related to tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drug use.

True or False

Answers

1. FALSE: Most men will experience ED at one time or another. ED is a
common complaint among men, occurring in about 52% of men aged 40-70.

2. TRUE: If ED occurs more than 50% of the time, or is otherwise a
concern or causing distress, a man should consider seeking medical advice and
treatment. ED may be associated with other conditions such as diabetes,
coronary artery disease, hypertension, and depression. The presence of ED may
be an early sign of these conditions.

3. FALSE: The causes of ED can be psychological, physical and/or a
combination of both. Nonetheless, it is believed that physical causes for ED
may occur in a large majority of men who have ED.

4. FALSE: The sequence of events resulting in an erection involves
nerve impulses in the brain, spine and penis. Also involved are the subsequent
responses in the body’s muscles, fibrous tissues, veins, and arteries in and
near the corpora cavernosa (chambers in the penis that are filled with spongy
tissue).

5. TRUE: Kidney disease can cause chemical changes in the body. These
changes can affect hormones, circulation, nerve and muscle function, and energy
level, all of which can affect a man’s ability to achieve and maintain and
erection.

6. TRUE: Diabetes can cause nerve and artery damage that can make
achieving an erection difficult. ED may occur in 50% or more of men with
diabetes.

7. FALSE: There are more than 200 kinds of prescription drugs that
may be associated with ED and other sexual dysfunction.

8. TRUE: Vascular diseases are those that affect the blood vessels.
These diseases include atherosclerosis (build-up of cholesterol plaques),
hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Vascular disease can
restrict blood flow to the heart, brain, penis, lower extremities, and other
locations within the body.

9. TRUE: Surgery to remove prostate cancer can result in erectile
problems, even though prostate cancer alone does not cause ED. It is important
to understand that all current treatments for prostate cancer — including
external beam radiation, seeds (brachytherapy), and hormones — may result in
erectile dysfunction.

10. FALSE: All three of these substances can damage blood vessels
and/or restrict blood flow to the penis, causing ED.

Reviewed by the doctors at the Glickman Urological
Institute at The Cleveland Clinic. (más…)

erection problems (erectile dysfunction) that are
caused by blood vessel (vascular), hormonal, nervous system, or psychological
problems. They also may be used along with counseling to treat erection
problems that have psychological causes.

If erection problems could be caused by a
prescribed medication, it may be possible to change
the dose or try another medication. Do not change or stop taking any medication
without first talking with your health professional.

Medication Choices

Commonly used oral medications include: (más…)

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San Francisco (IDGNS) -
The reported assassination of an alleged Russian spammer is a hoax, according to security researchers.

On Thursday, a blog post on the Web site Loonov.com claimed a spammer named Alexey Tolstokozhev was found murdered in a villa outside Moscow. “He has been shot several times with one bullet stuck in his head. According to authorities, this last head shot is a clear mark of Russian hit men,” the post said.

The reported assassination of Tolstokozhev echoed the 2005 murder of an actual Russian spammer, Vardan Kushnir. Kushnir was found beaten to death in a Moscow apartment, prompting speculation his murder was related to his activities as a spammer. However, a police investigation later said Kushnir was killed by robbers and his death was not connected with his spam activities.

The Tolstokozhev story caught the attention of the security community as well as blogs, even making it on to Slashdot, one of the most popular sites for technology-related news. But security researchers soon debunked the report.

The story began to unravel when researchers failed to locate Tolstokozhev in records of known spammers, even though Loonov.com claimed he was responsible for “up to 30 percent of all Viagra and penis enlargement-related spam” and made more than $2 millionin 2007 from these unsolicited e-mails. More questions were raised when researchers discovered that the Loonov.com domain name was registered on the same day the assassination post appeared.

“We got the feeling pretty quickly that it was a hoax,” said Dave Marcus, security research and communications manager at McAfee&39;s idea of a joke or they were using a real person&39;s SunbeltBlog and Taint.org, a blog written by Justin Mason, a software developer in Ireland.

The motivation behind the Tolstokozhev hoax is not clear. The Loonov.com domain was registered anonymously and the identity of the person behind the hoax is not known.

“It&39;s name, because this guy&39;s computer, but didn&39;t found any malicious code embedded in the site,” he said.

Perhaps ironically, all of the attention that&39;s getting an awful lot of traffic being driven to the site because of all the attention he&39;ll get a lot of Google juice out of this,” Marcus said, referring to the way Google&39;ve already got good Google activity built up, but that's just a guess.” (más…)

Scotland: (10) 17
Tries: Dewey, Paterson
Cons: Paterson 2
Pens: Paterson

Italy: (24) 37
Tries: Bergamasco, Scanavacca, Robertson, Troncon
Cons: Scanavacca 4
Pens: Scanavacca 3

Scotland handed Italy their first away win in the Six Nations with a suicidal first six minutes at Murrayfield.

They gifted tries to Mauro Bergamasco, Andrea Scanavacca and Kaine Robertson to trail 21-0.

Tries from Rob Dewey and captain Chris Paterson helped the hosts cut the gap to 24-17 after an hour.

But two penalties from Scanavacca, who kicked 17 points, and a late try from scrum-half Alessandro Troncon made the game safe for Italy.

Scotland started to self-destruct after just 18 seconds.

606 DEBATE: Give your thoughts on Scotland’s performance

Fly-half Phil Godman tried a hugely ambitious chip over the on-rushing Italian defence inside his own 22.

Mauro Bergamasco, back on the Italian flank after injury, charged it down and gathered the bouncing ball to score.

A bad situation soon got a whole lot worse for the Scots as Chris Cusiter twice handed gift-wrapped tries to the Italians.

First his pop pass to Dewey was intercepted by Scanavacca, who scampered over under the posts.

And the scrum-half then compounded his error by floating out a hugely ambitious pass to Hugo Southwell which Robertson pounced on before streaking over for the third try.

SIX NATIONS BLOG BBC Sport’s player ratings - do you agree? SIX NATIONS BLOG

Scanavacca was on target with all three conversions and the Azzurri led 21-0 with 74 minutes still to play.

Scotland managed to cut the gap after 13 minutes when Dewey scored a controversial try.

The inside centre, all 17st 4lb of him, made the most of a block from referee Donal Courtenay and burst through the Italian midfield defence to score, after some hesitation, with Paterson converting.

Despite losing Simon Taylor to the sin-bin Scotland had much the better of territory and possession, but some powerful Italian defence and impotent attacking combined to keep them at bay.

Paterson spurned the chance to kick several penalties before finally slotting one on the stroke of half-time to make it 24-10 at the break, Scanavacca having landed an earlier effort for the visitors.

Scotland redoubled their efforts after the break but looked lightweight until they switched an attack to the blind side on the hour mark.

Scotland v Italy match data

Paterson flew through a yawning gap before out-pacing the cover for a fine try and his conversion trimmed the gap to seven points with a quarter of the match to go.

It looked as though Scotland might save themselves, but the score prompted the visitors to go on the offensive.

The powerful Italian pack earned the chance for Scanavacca to slot two simple penalties.

And he was on target again with the conversion after the veteran Troncon burrowed his way over late on as Italy claimed only their fourth win since joining the Six Nations in 2000.

---

Scotland: Southwell; Lamont, Di Rollo, Dewey, Paterson; Godman, Cusiter; Callam, Brown, Taylor, S Murray, Hines, E Murray, Hall, Kerr.
Replacements: Ford, Jacobsen, Hamilton, Hogg, Lawson, Henderson, Walker.

Italy: De Marigny; Robertson, Canale, Mirco Bergamasco, Masi; Scanavacca, Troncon; Parisse, Mauro Bergamasco, Zanni, Bortolami, Dellape, Castrogiovanni, Festuccia, Lo Cicero.
Replacements: Ongaro, Perugini, Nieto, Bernabo, Zaffiri, Griffen, Pez.

Referee: Donal Courtney (Leinster)

Originaly from Source